Cryogenics

Once expanded, perlite develops a cellular structure containing microscopic air spaces that restrict heat transfer. In double-walled vessels, the expanded material fills the space between the inner vessel and the outer shell, creating a continuous insulating barrier that reduces heat ingress and helps maintain the temperatures required to keep gases in their liquid state.

Cryogenic perlite can be used in both evacuated and non-evacuated systems. Under vacuum, reduced gas conduction further improves its insulation performance. Its low bulk density allows large or irregularly shaped spaces to be filled without adding excessive weight to tanks, vessels or supporting structures.

Typical applications include LNG storage tanks and transportation vessels, liquid oxygen, nitrogen and argon tanks, hydrogen and helium vessels, low-temperature LPG systems, air-separation-unit cold boxes, cryogenic process equipment, transfer lines and double-walled pipes.

Perlite's inorganic and non-combustible nature is valuable in industrial environments where fire safety and long-term material stability are important. It does not rot or support biological degradation, while its free-flowing particles can surround internal piping and equipment to create a uniform insulation layer throughout the enclosure.

Cryogenic applications can use ready-expanded perlite or crushed and screened perlite ore intended for expansion by the customer or at the installation site. On-site expansion is particularly practical for large tanks and cold boxes because compact ore can be transported efficiently and expanded close to the point of use. Ready-expanded grades may be poured, blown or pneumatically conveyed directly into suitable insulation cavities.

Particle-size distribution, expanded density, moisture content and installation method all influence final performance. The correct ore or expanded grade must therefore be matched to the expansion equipment, vessel design, operating conditions and filling method.